美国O1 签证是什么？

O-1签证立法由康涅狄格州前国会议员布鲁斯·莫里森于1990年起草。

O-1签证 (O-1 Extraordinary Ability Visa) 又称为 “杰出人才签证”，是一种非移民签证，适用于在科学、艺术、教育、商务、体育方面有杰出贡献(Extraordinary achievement )或者杰出能力(Extraordinary Ability)的外国人，或者在电影电视行业能够被国家或者国际认知的及拥有卓越成就的人才。该签证持有人可在美国从事与自己领域相关的工作。

O1签证无需抽签，可无限次续期，不看运气，只看才华和实力，适合具有特殊才华的申请人。内核是申请O-1签证的外籍人士进入美国的目的是在其具有特殊才能的领域里继续工作。

O-1签证细分：

* O-1A签证是签发给在科学，教育，商业和体育领域的杰出人才（不包括艺术，电影和电视领域）；

* O-1B签证是签发给艺术，电影电视领域的杰出人才。

* O-2：陪同O-1，艺术家或运动员协助特定活动或表演的个人。（O-2要证明对于O-1A来说美国工人无法轻易替代才可以）。

* O-3：O-1和O-2的配偶或子女。

O1签证资格:  

如果你赢得了国际公认的重大奖项，如诺贝尔奖、奥斯卡奖、艾美奖、格莱美奖、导演协会奖、普利策奖或其同等奖项，肯定有资格获得O1签证。

如果不是顶级奖项就需要证明外国人的非凡能力，文件必须足以支持持续的国家或国际赞誉所证明的非凡能力；法规定义的至少 3 个可接受证据类别的实质性文件；同行团体的书面咨询意见；雇主代表雇员提出请愿书;以及就业机会。

O1A 签证资格（科学、教育、商业类）：

满足以下八条中的任意三个条件，就有机会获得O1签证。

1、在你的领域获得过国家或国际公认的奖项

Documentation of the beneficiary's receipt of nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards for excellence in the field of endeavor;

2、是你所在领域中一个享有声望的协会的会员

Documentation of the beneficiary's membership in associations in the field for which classification is sought, which require outstanding achievements of their members, as judged by recognized national or international experts in their disciplines or fields;

3、知名媒体或出版物对你在该领域的成就有重大报道

Published material in professional or major trade publications or major media about the beneficiary, relating to the beneficiary's work in the field for which classification is sought, which must include the title, date, and author of such published material, and any necessary translation;

4、曾在所在领域的竞赛中担任评委，评估他人的工作

Evidence of the beneficiary's participation on a panel, or individually, as a judge of the work of others in the same or in an allied field of specialization for which classification is sought;

5、在自己的领域内做出了原创性的科学、学术或商业方面的重大贡献

Evidence of the beneficiary's original scientific, scholarly, or business-related contributions of major significance in the field;

6、与同领域的同行相比，薪酬或工资较高

Evidence that the beneficiary has either commanded a high salary or will command a high salary or other remuneration for services, as evidenced by contracts or other reliable evidence

7、在所在领域的专业期刊或主要媒体上撰写并发表过学术文章

Evidence of the beneficiary's authorship of scholarly articles in the field, in professional journals, or other major media;

8、是所在领域的一个著名组织的重要雇员或成员

Evidence that the beneficiary has been employed in a critical or essential capacity for organizations and establishments that have a distinguished reputation; or

O1B 签证资格（艺术类、电影电视类）：

1、已经并将会作为主角或主演参与具有杰出声誉的作品或活动，并通过广告、宣传稿、出版物、合同或代言等证据证明

Evidence that the beneficiary has performed, and will perform, services as a lead or starring participant in productions or events that have a distinguished reputation, as evidenced by critical reviews, advertisements, publicity releases, publications, contracts, or endorsements;

2、您的成就已获得国家或国际认可的证据，如在主要报纸、行业期刊、杂志或其他出版物上由受益人发表或关于受益人的批评性评论或其他出版材料

Evidence that the beneficiary has achieved national or international recognition for achievements, as evidenced by critical reviews or other published materials by or about the beneficiary in major newspapers, trade journals, magazines, or other publications;

3、已经并将在具有杰出声誉的组织和机构中担任领导、主演或关键角色的证据，可通过报纸、行业期刊、出版物或推荐信中的文章证明

Evidence that the beneficiary has performed, and will perform, in a lead, starring, or critical role for organizations and establishments that have a distinguished reputation, as evidenced by articles in newspapers, trade journals, publications, or testimonials;

4、证明您有重大商业或评论性成功记录的证据，如标题、评级、在该领域的地位、票房收入、电影或电视收视率等指标，以及贸易杂志、主要报纸或其他出版物中报道的其他职业成就

Evidence that the beneficiary has a record of major commercial or critically acclaimed successes, as evidenced by such indicators as title, rating, standing in the field, box office receipts, motion pictures or television ratings, and other occupational achievements reported in trade journals, major newspapers, or other publications;

5、证明您的成就得到了组织、评论家、政府机构或受益人所从事领域的其他公认专家的重要认可的证据。这种证明必须以明确表明作者的权威性、专业性和对受益人成就的了解的形式出现；或者

Evidence that the beneficiary has received significant recognition for achievements from organizations, critics, government agencies, or other recognized experts in the field in which the beneficiary is engaged. Such testimonials must be in a form which clearly indicates the author's authority, expertise, and knowledge of the beneficiary's achievements; or

6、与该领域的其他人相比，您已经获得了高薪或将获得高薪或其他大量的服务报酬，并有合同或其他可靠证据为证

Evidence that the beneficiary has either commanded a high salary or will command a high salary or other substantial remuneration for services in relation to others in the field, as evidenced by contracts or other reliable evidence

即使你不能满足这些标准中的三个，也有办法通过提交其他辅助证据来证明O1签证资格，比如证明你将对美国经济产生积极影响、在领域内享有商业成功、或者作品曾参与过展览等。

O-1艺术家可以由美国雇主，美国代理人或通过美国代理人的外国雇主赞助。虽然艺术家不能为自己申请O-1身份，但法规承认O-1案件可能涉及传统上自雇的工人。

O-1申请材料清单

律师申请信 (Attorney Cover Letter)

I-129表格

I-907表格

雇佣合同（Employment Agreement）

经理人合同 (Agent Agreement)

三年行程计划（Three Year Itinerary）

行业咨询意见信（Peer Group Advisory Opinion Letter）

O1杰出人才签证处理时间：

普通处理的 O1 签证一般要3至6个月的时间来裁决申请。O-1签证可提供额外收费的加急处理（2周内给结果），如果您的申请获得批准，O1签证获批可以很快登陆美国。

O1雇主要求：

申请O1签证，申请人通常需要担保的雇主或代理人，提交I-129表和支持性证据。

所在领域的顶尖人物给申请人的推荐信。

O1签证对雇主的要求相对宽松，移民局明确表示 O-1申请人的雇主可以是代理机构等，雇佣关系更加灵活。

O1签证审批通过后可立即开始工作。O1持有者如果打算同时为另一个雇主工作，新的雇主必须为该雇员递交新的申请。不过值得注意的是，O-1持有人如果转换雇主，必须在新的O-1签证批准后才可为新雇主工作。

O-3配偶签证不能工作

O-1的配偶签证O-3持有人也是不能在美国工作的。

O1签证的有效期多久？

O1签证没有明确的有效期限制。O1签证的有效期等同于完成项目所需的时间，初次申请不得超过三年。如果需要更多的时间进行同一项目，可以申请延期，每次延期不得超过一年。如果一个新的项目需要O-1持有人继续为原雇主工作，该雇主可以为该雇员申请一个新的O-1，初次有效期仍然可以长达三年，随后仍可以一年为限申请延期。

O1签证和EB1A之间的关系

美国O1签证和美国EB1A移民签证一脉相承，O1签证也被称作美国过渡签证之王。

EB1A获批的申请人，可以在等待排期的期间，申请一个O1签证，在美国工作生活，需要美国有雇主雇佣才可以申请。

申请EB1A前，申请了O1签证，申请人在美国的工作经历是申请美国绿卡的加分项，可以提高申请人的通过率，能够更快更安全地获得审批。